Everything about Chibalo totally explained
Chibalo is the concept of
forced labour in the
Ultramar Português or, the Portuguese
overseas provinces in
Africa, most notably in
Angola and
Mozambique (it must be noted that, unlike the other European empires of the 20th century, the Portuguese possessions were not considered colonies, but full-fledged
provinces of the Portuguese state). In 1869 the Portuguese officially abolished
slavery, but in reality it continued nonetheless. Chibalo was used to build the
infrastructure of the African provinces, as only Portuguese
settlers and
assimilados received education and were exempt from this forced labour.
Under the New State regime of
Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, chibalo was used in
Mozambique to grow
cotton. Foreign
investment in the Portuguese overseas was outlawed so that Portugal would benefit directly. All males of proper age had to work in cotton fields, which became useless for food production, leading to hunger and malnourishment. Chibalo finally ended with the 1974
Carnation Revolution which overthrew Salazar's government.
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